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VISAGUARD Glossary: Letters, special characters and numbers
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On this page, you will find all VISAGUARD glossary entries on special characters. The glossary entries are arranged alphabetically and include the most important terms in immigration law that begin with a special character. Each glossary definition is linked to the relevant law or administrative regulation and also refers to the corresponding VISAGUARD technical article.
“ Bed, bread, soap”
The principle of “bed, bread, soap” refers to a legal precedent in Germany according to which every foreigner (regardless of their residence status) must be granted certain basic necessities of life by virtue of human rights.
Related legal source: e.g. VGH BaWü, decision of 27.05.2019 - A 4 S 1329/19
Related VISAGUARD article: International Law and Humanitarian Obligations
“ One person - one document”
"One person – one document" is a principle according to which each foreigner should only be issued one residence document at a time. However, this principle does not imply that only one residence permit can be issued at a time.
Related legal source: BVerwG, judgment of 19 March 2013, 1 C 12.12
Related VISAGUARD article: Electronic Residence Permit (eAT)
4-stage model (identity clarification)
The 4-stage model is a jurisprudence of the Federal Constitutional Court, according to which the identity clarification of naturalization applicants must take place in a graduated order.
Related legal source: BVerwG, judgment of 23 September 2020, 1 C 36.19
Related VISAGUARD article: Passport requirement and naturalization
90/1/90 day rule
The 90/1/90-day rule states that certain nationals may stay in Germany for 90 days. The 90 days then begin again when the foreigner leaves the country for one day. Such a rule can be found, for example, in the German-Australian Visa Agreement of December 22, 1952.
Related legal source: Statements from the German Embassy in Australia
Related VISAGUARD article: Applying for a Schengen visa
90/180 day rule
The 90/180-day rule states that certain nationals may stay in Germany for 90 days within a 90-day period.
Related legal source: § 41 AufenthV , § 6 AufenthG
Related VISAGUARD article: Applying for a Schengen visa
120/240 day rule
The 120/240-day rule was a principle according to which students were only allowed to work 120 full days or 240 half days per year. Since the 2023 reform of the Skilled Immigration Act, students are now allowed to work 140 days per year.
Related legal source: Section 16b paragraph 3 Residence Act
Related VISAGUARD article: 140/280 days rule for foreign students
“ One person - one document”
"One person – one document" is a principle according to which each foreigner should only be issued one residence document at a time. However, this principle does not imply that only one residence permit can be issued at a time.
Related legal source: BVerwG, judgment of 19 March 2013, 1 C 12.12
Related VISAGUARD article: Electronic Residence Permit (eAT)
4-stage model (identity clarification)
The 4-stage model is a jurisprudence of the Federal Constitutional Court, according to which the identity clarification of naturalization applicants must take place in a graduated order.
Related legal source: BVerwG, judgment of 23 September 2020, 1 C 36.19
Related VISAGUARD article: Passport requirement and naturalization
90/1/90 day rule
The 90/1/90-day rule states that certain nationals may stay in Germany for 90 days. The 90 days then begin again when the foreigner leaves the country for one day. Such a rule can be found, for example, in the German-Australian Visa Agreement of December 22, 1952.
Related legal source: Statements from the German Embassy in Australia
Related VISAGUARD article: Applying for a Schengen visa
90/180 day rule
The 90/180-day rule states that certain nationals may stay in Germany for 90 days within a 90-day period.
Related legal source: § 41 AufenthV , § 6 AufenthG
Related VISAGUARD article: Applying for a Schengen visa
120/240 day rule
The 120/240-day rule was a principle according to which students were only allowed to work 120 full days or 240 half days per year. Since the 2023 reform of the Skilled Immigration Act, students are now allowed to work 140 days per year.
Related legal source: Section 16b paragraph 3 Residence Act
Related VISAGUARD article: 140/280 days rule for foreign students